Application of Bender Elements in Measuring G_max of Sand Under K₀ Condition
Zeng X, Ni B
(Received 30 June 1997; accepted 25 March 1998)

Abstract
A new application of bender elements to measure the small strain shear modulus of sand in multiple shear planes under anisotropic loading is developed. The tests were conducted in a specially designed oedometer with the side of the ring smoothed by a Teflon sheet. The soil used in the tests is clean angular pool filter sand. The effects of size of bender elements on the results of shear wave velocity measurement are discussed. Shear modulus in four different shear planes during a loading-unloading cycle is presented. The results of experiments are compared with the Hardin-Blanford equation on G_max, which shows good agreement. The influence of side friction of the oedometer is investigated.

Keywords:
anisotropy, bender element, sand, shear modulus, shear wave velocity, stress history

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Author Zeng X, Ni B Title Application of Bender Elements in Measuring G_max of Sand Under K₀ Condition Symposium , Committee on